Buck Converter | PartQuest™ Explore

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Mike Donnelly
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Mike Donnelly

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11 years 3 months

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Member of the PartQuest Explore Development Team. Focused on modeling and simulation of analog, mixed-signal and multi-discipline systems covering a broad range of applications, including power electronics, controls and mechatronic systems.

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TDFS Impedance Stability of Transmission Line Fed LED Driver - Switching

Mike Donnelly
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Mike Donnelly

Member for

11 years 3 months

1,736

designs

10

groups

Member of the PartQuest Explore Development Team. Focused on modeling and simulation of analog, mixed-signal and multi-discipline systems covering a broad range of applications, including power electronics, controls and mechatronic systems.

Description

This example demonstrates the use of the TDFS method (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) to measure impedance stability ratio. The system is a switching DC/DC step-down power converter used for LED lighting, supplied by a battery through a long power cable.The TDFS impedance stability measurement model applies a 0.2A sinusoidal stimulus current at the point where the cable connects to the converter. The voltage at that point, as well as the stimulus current splits (toward the source and the load) are measured, and the associated source and load impedances vs. frequency are computed.The ratio of the source to load impedance is the impedance stability ratio (Tm). Similar to the open-loop frequency response requirement for closed-loop stability, Tm must not have magnitude = 1.0 at phase = 180 degrees, at any frequency.For this system, with a cable length of 400 meters and 8 AWG wire, the results show that the impedance ratio magnitude (green waveform) reaches unity (0 dB) at close to 2 kHz, where the phase (light blue waveform) is approximately 165 degress. This implies a "phase margin" of only 15 degrees, For a longer cable, this margin is further reduced. As shown in the companion example, "Transmission Line Fed LED Driver - Switching", for the cable length = 800 meters the system is unstable.This instability is the result of the "source" impedance (which includes the cable) variation over frequency, interacting with the varying load impedance. Note that at low frequency, the load effectively has a negative impedance, due to the constant power nature of the DC to DC converter.

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Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching

Mike Donnelly
Designer19

Mike Donnelly

Member for

11 years 3 months

1,736

designs

10

groups

Member of the PartQuest Explore Development Team. Focused on modeling and simulation of analog, mixed-signal and multi-discipline systems covering a broad range of applications, including power electronics, controls and mechatronic systems.

Description

This design is a detailed circuit implementation of the more abstract "state-average" buck converter model shown in the companion design example "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous” you can find here:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

This example includes the low-pass voltage sense circuit, an op-amp implementation of the difference amplifier and the lead-lag compensator, as well as PWM switching control of a power MOSFET. Simulation results for the line and load transients are very similar to the results from the continuous model.

This design uses a number of "datasheet characterized" components, including the power MOSFET (MCH6337), freewheel diode (NRVTS560EMFS) and op-amps (MC33272A), as well as the soft-saturation inductor (XAL6060-223) and capacitor (PEG127KA3110Q) of the power stage . The parameter values of these devices were entered directly from the datasheet for the corresponding part, including the "Maximum Ratings" information.

While the simulation time for this switching circuit is significantly longer than for the abstract model, more detailed information about the circuit’s signals and components is available. This includes the component stress levels, which are monitored within all the "datasheet" models.

The companion design, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", demonstrates a method to directly assess the open-loop frequency response, and hence the stability margin, of this converter. The TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) method circumvents the need for state-average models of the switching elements.

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Copy of Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching - on Thu, 02/20/2025 - 16:16

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Description

This design is a detailed circuit implementation of the more abstract "state-average" buck converter model shown in the companion design example "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous” you can find here:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

This example includes the low-pass voltage sense circuit, an op-amp implementation of the difference amplifier and the lead-lag compensator, as well as PWM switching control of a power MOSFET. Simulation results for the line and load transients are very similar to the results from the continuous model.

This design uses a number of "datasheet characterized" components, including the power MOSFET (MCH6337), freewheel diode (NRVTS560EMFS) and op-amps (MC33272A), as well as the soft-saturation inductor (XAL6060-223) and capacitor (PEG127KA3110Q) of the power stage . The parameter values of these devices were entered directly from the datasheet for the corresponding part, including the "Maximum Ratings" information.

While the simulation time for this switching circuit is significantly longer than for the abstract model, more detailed information about the circuit’s signals and components is available. This includes the component stress levels, which are monitored within all the "datasheet" models.

The companion design, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", demonstrates a method to directly assess the open-loop frequency response, and hence the stability margin, of this converter. The TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) method circumvents the need for state-average models of the switching elements.

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Copy of Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching - on Thu, 02/20/2025 - 16:15

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Description

This design is a detailed circuit implementation of the more abstract "state-average" buck converter model shown in the companion design example "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous” you can find here:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

This example includes the low-pass voltage sense circuit, an op-amp implementation of the difference amplifier and the lead-lag compensator, as well as PWM switching control of a power MOSFET. Simulation results for the line and load transients are very similar to the results from the continuous model.

This design uses a number of "datasheet characterized" components, including the power MOSFET (MCH6337), freewheel diode (NRVTS560EMFS) and op-amps (MC33272A), as well as the soft-saturation inductor (XAL6060-223) and capacitor (PEG127KA3110Q) of the power stage . The parameter values of these devices were entered directly from the datasheet for the corresponding part, including the "Maximum Ratings" information.

While the simulation time for this switching circuit is significantly longer than for the abstract model, more detailed information about the circuit’s signals and components is available. This includes the component stress levels, which are monitored within all the "datasheet" models.

The companion design, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", demonstrates a method to directly assess the open-loop frequency response, and hence the stability margin, of this converter. The TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) method circumvents the need for state-average models of the switching elements.

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Copy of Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching - on Thu, 02/20/2025 - 14:53

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5 years 1 month

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Description

This design is a detailed circuit implementation of the more abstract "state-average" buck converter model shown in the companion design example "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous” you can find here:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

This example includes the low-pass voltage sense circuit, an op-amp implementation of the difference amplifier and the lead-lag compensator, as well as PWM switching control of a power MOSFET. Simulation results for the line and load transients are very similar to the results from the continuous model.

This design uses a number of "datasheet characterized" components, including the power MOSFET (MCH6337), freewheel diode (NRVTS560EMFS) and op-amps (MC33272A), as well as the soft-saturation inductor (XAL6060-223) and capacitor (PEG127KA3110Q) of the power stage . The parameter values of these devices were entered directly from the datasheet for the corresponding part, including the "Maximum Ratings" information.

While the simulation time for this switching circuit is significantly longer than for the abstract model, more detailed information about the circuit’s signals and components is available. This includes the component stress levels, which are monitored within all the "datasheet" models.

The companion design, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", demonstrates a method to directly assess the open-loop frequency response, and hence the stability margin, of this converter. The TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) method circumvents the need for state-average models of the switching elements.

About text formats

Copy of Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching - on Thu, 02/20/2025 - 14:53

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Description

This design is a detailed circuit implementation of the more abstract "state-average" buck converter model shown in the companion design example "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous” you can find here:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

This example includes the low-pass voltage sense circuit, an op-amp implementation of the difference amplifier and the lead-lag compensator, as well as PWM switching control of a power MOSFET. Simulation results for the line and load transients are very similar to the results from the continuous model.

This design uses a number of "datasheet characterized" components, including the power MOSFET (MCH6337), freewheel diode (NRVTS560EMFS) and op-amps (MC33272A), as well as the soft-saturation inductor (XAL6060-223) and capacitor (PEG127KA3110Q) of the power stage . The parameter values of these devices were entered directly from the datasheet for the corresponding part, including the "Maximum Ratings" information.

While the simulation time for this switching circuit is significantly longer than for the abstract model, more detailed information about the circuit’s signals and components is available. This includes the component stress levels, which are monitored within all the "datasheet" models.

The companion design, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", demonstrates a method to directly assess the open-loop frequency response, and hence the stability margin, of this converter. The TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) method circumvents the need for state-average models of the switching elements.

About text formats

Copy of Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching - on Sat, 02/15/2025 - 20:04

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Welcome to the community!!

Description

This design is a detailed circuit implementation of the more abstract "state-average" buck converter model shown in the companion design example "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous” you can find here:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

This example includes the low-pass voltage sense circuit, an op-amp implementation of the difference amplifier and the lead-lag compensator, as well as PWM switching control of a power MOSFET. Simulation results for the line and load transients are very similar to the results from the continuous model.

This design uses a number of "datasheet characterized" components, including the power MOSFET (MCH6337), freewheel diode (NRVTS560EMFS) and op-amps (MC33272A), as well as the soft-saturation inductor (XAL6060-223) and capacitor (PEG127KA3110Q) of the power stage . The parameter values of these devices were entered directly from the datasheet for the corresponding part, including the "Maximum Ratings" information.

While the simulation time for this switching circuit is significantly longer than for the abstract model, more detailed information about the circuit’s signals and components is available. This includes the component stress levels, which are monitored within all the "datasheet" models.

The companion design, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", demonstrates a method to directly assess the open-loop frequency response, and hence the stability margin, of this converter. The TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) method circumvents the need for state-average models of the switching elements.

About text formats

Copy of Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching - on Thu, 01/30/2025 - 01:50

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Description

Αυτός ο σχεδιασμός είναι μια λεπτομερής υλοποίηση κυκλώματος του πιο αφηρημένου μοντέλου μετατροπέα buck "κατάσταση μέσου όρου" που εμφανίζεται στο συνοδευτικό παράδειγμα σχεδίασης "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous" που μπορείτε να βρείτε εδώ:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

Αυτό το παράδειγμα περιλαμβάνει το κύκλωμα ανίχνευσης τάσης χαμηλής διέλευσης, μια υλοποίηση op-amp του ενισχυτή διαφοράς και τον αντισταθμιστή υστέρησης απαγωγής, καθώς και τον έλεγχο μεταγωγής PWM ενός MOSFET ισχύος. Τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης για τις μεταβατικές μεταβάσεις γραμμής και φορτίου είναι πολύ παρόμοια με τα αποτελέσματα από το συνεχές μοντέλο.

Αυτός ο σχεδιασμός χρησιμοποιεί έναν αριθμό στοιχείων "χαρακτηρισμένα σε φύλλο δεδομένων", συμπεριλαμβανομένου του power MOSFET (MCH6337), της δίοδος ελεύθερου τροχού (NRVTS560EMFS) και των ενισχυτών λειτουργίας (MC33272A), καθώς και του πηνίου μαλακού κορεσμού (XAL6060-223) και του πυκνωτή (XAL6060-223) και του πυκνωτή (Cacitor) ) του σταδίου ισχύος . Οι τιμές των παραμέτρων αυτών των συσκευών εισήχθησαν απευθείας από το φύλλο δεδομένων για το αντίστοιχο τμήμα, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των πληροφοριών "Μέγιστες βαθμολογίες".

Ενώ ο χρόνος προσομοίωσης για αυτό το κύκλωμα μεταγωγής είναι σημαντικά μεγαλύτερος από ό,τι για το αφηρημένο μοντέλο, είναι διαθέσιμες πιο λεπτομερείς πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα σήματα και τα στοιχεία του κυκλώματος. Αυτό περιλαμβάνει τα επίπεδα τάσης των εξαρτημάτων, τα οποία παρακολουθούνται σε όλα τα μοντέλα "δεδομένων".

Η συνοδευτική σχεδίαση, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", δείχνει μια μέθοδο για την άμεση αξιολόγηση της απόκρισης συχνότητας ανοιχτού βρόχου, και ως εκ τούτου του περιθωρίου σταθερότητας, αυτού του μετατροπέα. Η μέθοδος TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) παρακάμπτει την ανάγκη για μοντέλα κατά μέσο όρο κατάστασης των στοιχείων μεταγωγής.

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Copy of Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching - on Thu, 01/30/2025 - 01:50

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Description

Αυτός ο σχεδιασμός είναι μια λεπτομερής υλοποίηση κυκλώματος του πιο αφηρημένου μοντέλου μετατροπέα buck "κατάσταση μέσου όρου" που εμφανίζεται στο συνοδευτικό παράδειγμα σχεδίασης "Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Continuous" που μπορείτε να βρείτε εδώ:

https://explore.partquest.com/node/128081

Αυτό το παράδειγμα περιλαμβάνει το κύκλωμα ανίχνευσης τάσης χαμηλής διέλευσης, μια υλοποίηση op-amp του ενισχυτή διαφοράς και τον αντισταθμιστή υστέρησης απαγωγής, καθώς και τον έλεγχο μεταγωγής PWM ενός MOSFET ισχύος. Τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης για τις μεταβατικές μεταβάσεις γραμμής και φορτίου είναι πολύ παρόμοια με τα αποτελέσματα από το συνεχές μοντέλο.

Αυτός ο σχεδιασμός χρησιμοποιεί έναν αριθμό στοιχείων "χαρακτηρισμένα σε φύλλο δεδομένων", συμπεριλαμβανομένου του power MOSFET (MCH6337), της δίοδος ελεύθερου τροχού (NRVTS560EMFS) και των ενισχυτών λειτουργίας (MC33272A), καθώς και του πηνίου μαλακού κορεσμού (XAL6060-223) και του πυκνωτή (XAL6060-223) και του πυκνωτή (Cacitor) ) του σταδίου ισχύος . Οι τιμές των παραμέτρων αυτών των συσκευών εισήχθησαν απευθείας από το φύλλο δεδομένων για το αντίστοιχο τμήμα, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των πληροφοριών "Μέγιστες βαθμολογίες".

Ενώ ο χρόνος προσομοίωσης για αυτό το κύκλωμα μεταγωγής είναι σημαντικά μεγαλύτερος από ό,τι για το αφηρημένο μοντέλο, είναι διαθέσιμες πιο λεπτομερείς πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα σήματα και τα στοιχεία του κυκλώματος. Αυτό περιλαμβάνει τα επίπεδα τάσης των εξαρτημάτων, τα οποία παρακολουθούνται σε όλα τα μοντέλα "δεδομένων".

Η συνοδευτική σχεδίαση, "TDFS Loop Stability for Step-Down (Buck) DC to DC Converter - Switching", δείχνει μια μέθοδο για την άμεση αξιολόγηση της απόκρισης συχνότητας ανοιχτού βρόχου, και ως εκ τούτου του περιθωρίου σταθερότητας, αυτού του μετατροπέα. Η μέθοδος TDFS (Time Domain Frequency Sweep) παρακάμπτει την ανάγκη για μοντέλα κατά μέσο όρο κατάστασης των στοιχείων μεταγωγής.

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Mike DonnellyDesigner19

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Mike Donnelly
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