BDP947 NPN Transistor | PartQuest™ Explore

Loudspeaker with Simple Amplifier

Mike Donnelly
Designer19

Mike Donnelly

Member for

11 years 2 months

1,722

designs

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Member of the PartQuest Explore Development Team. Focused on modeling and simulation of analog, mixed-signal and multi-discipline systems covering a broad range of applications, including power electronics, controls and mechatronic systems.

Description

This "Live" example design includes a simple analog electronic amplifier, intended only to demonstrates the importance of multi-discipline system modeling.

A swept frequency response test, from 40 Hz to 1000 Hz, shows the effect of the complex amplifier loading by the voice-coil and speaker-cone dynamics*. The electro-mechanical resonances strongly affect the current that must be supplied, in order to maintain a flat (controlled) output voltage over the specified frequency range. For example, the current in the voice-coil reaches a null at time 0.1 seconds, which corresponds to the effective "spring-mass" resonance frequency (60 Hz). The loudspeaker reaches its minimum impedance around 600 Hz, or at 0.6 seconds where the peak load current is observed.

The simulation results also show that the average power (q1/npn/pwr_avg) in the BDP947 BJT exceeds its 5 Watt rating across the entire range, but especially at lower frequencies. The red "hot part monitor", with the junction to ambient thermal resistance set to 10 C/Watt, as given in the datasheet, shows the part temperature rising to over 100 C. These diagnostic indicators make it obvious that we need a bigger transistor!

All of the parameters in blue can be changed by the user and a new simulation run. The updated scope waveform results will show the effect of that change. You can change the electrical resistance and inductance of the voice-coil, as well as the speaker cone mass and linear spring rate that affect the resonance frequency.

* Note: Please refer to this companion example, that shows the input impedance frequency response of the loudspeaker alone:

https://www.systemvision.com/design/loudspeaker-only-frequency-response

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Copy of Loudspeaker with Simple Amplifier - on Thu, 01/09/2025 - 15:33

Designer0

Member for

5 years

0

designs

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groups

Description

This "Live" example design includes a simple analog electronic amplifier, intended only to demonstrates the importance of multi-discipline system modeling.

A swept frequency response test, from 40 Hz to 1000 Hz, shows the effect of the complex amplifier loading by the voice-coil and speaker-cone dynamics*. The electro-mechanical resonances strongly affect the current that must be supplied, in order to maintain a flat (controlled) output voltage over the specified frequency range. For example, the current in the voice-coil reaches a null at time 0.1 seconds, which corresponds to the effective "spring-mass" resonance frequency (60 Hz). The loudspeaker reaches its minimum impedance around 600 Hz, or at 0.6 seconds where the peak load current is observed.

The simulation results also show that the average power (q1/npn/pwr_avg) in the BDP947 BJT exceeds its 5 Watt rating across the entire range, but especially at lower frequencies. The red "hot part monitor", with the junction to ambient thermal resistance set to 10 C/Watt, as given in the datasheet, shows the part temperature rising to over 100 C. These diagnostic indicators make it obvious that we need a bigger transistor!

All of the parameters in blue can be changed by the user and a new simulation run. The updated scope waveform results will show the effect of that change. You can change the electrical resistance and inductance of the voice-coil, as well as the speaker cone mass and linear spring rate that affect the resonance frequency.

* Note: Please refer to this companion example, that shows the input impedance frequency response of the loudspeaker alone:

https://www.systemvision.com/design/loudspeaker-only-frequency-response

About text formats

Copy of Loudspeaker with Simple Amplifier - on Thu, 01/09/2025 - 15:33

Designer0

Member for

5 years

0

designs

0

groups

Description

This "Live" example design includes a simple analog electronic amplifier, intended only to demonstrates the importance of multi-discipline system modeling.

A swept frequency response test, from 40 Hz to 1000 Hz, shows the effect of the complex amplifier loading by the voice-coil and speaker-cone dynamics*. The electro-mechanical resonances strongly affect the current that must be supplied, in order to maintain a flat (controlled) output voltage over the specified frequency range. For example, the current in the voice-coil reaches a null at time 0.1 seconds, which corresponds to the effective "spring-mass" resonance frequency (60 Hz). The loudspeaker reaches its minimum impedance around 600 Hz, or at 0.6 seconds where the peak load current is observed.

The simulation results also show that the average power (q1/npn/pwr_avg) in the BDP947 BJT exceeds its 5 Watt rating across the entire range, but especially at lower frequencies. The red "hot part monitor", with the junction to ambient thermal resistance set to 10 C/Watt, as given in the datasheet, shows the part temperature rising to over 100 C. These diagnostic indicators make it obvious that we need a bigger transistor!

All of the parameters in blue can be changed by the user and a new simulation run. The updated scope waveform results will show the effect of that change. You can change the electrical resistance and inductance of the voice-coil, as well as the speaker cone mass and linear spring rate that affect the resonance frequency.

* Note: Please refer to this companion example, that shows the input impedance frequency response of the loudspeaker alone:

https://www.systemvision.com/design/loudspeaker-only-frequency-response

About text formats

Copy of Loudspeaker with Simple Amplifier - on Thu, 01/09/2025 - 15:33

Designer0

Member for

5 years

0

designs

0

groups

Description

5 years

0

designs

0

groups

Description

This "Live" example design includes a simple analog electronic amplifier, intended only to demonstrates the importance of multi-discipline system modeling.

A swept frequency response test, from 40 Hz to 1000 Hz, shows the effect of the complex amplifier loading by the voice-coil and speaker-cone dynamics*. The electro-mechanical resonances strongly affect the current that must be supplied, in order to maintain a flat (controlled) output voltage over the specified frequency range. For example, the current in the voice-coil reaches a null at time 0.1 seconds, which corresponds to the effective "spring-mass" resonance frequency (60 Hz). The loudspeaker reaches its minimum impedance around 600 Hz, or at 0.6 seconds where the peak load current is observed.

The simulation results also show that the average power (q1/npn/pwr_avg) in the BDP947 BJT exceeds its 5 Watt rating across the entire range, but especially at lower frequencies. The red "hot part monitor", with the junction to ambient thermal resistance set to 10 C/Watt, as given in the datasheet, shows the part temperature rising to over 100 C. These diagnostic indicators make it obvious that we need a bigger transistor!

All of the parameters in blue can be changed by the user and a new simulation run. The updated scope waveform results will show the effect of that change. You can change the electrical resistance and inductance of the voice-coil, as well as the speaker cone mass and linear spring rate that affect the resonance frequency.

* Note: Please refer to this companion example, that shows the input impedance frequency response of the loudspeaker alone:

https://www.systemvision.com/design/loudspeaker-only-frequency-response

About text formats

Copy of Loudspeaker with Simple Amplifier - on Tue, 10/29/2024 - 17:45

Designer0

Member for

5 years

0

designs

0

groups

Description

This "Live" example design includes a simple analog electronic amplifier, intended only to demonstrates the importance of multi-discipline system modeling.

A swept frequency response test, from 40 Hz to 1000 Hz, shows the effect of the complex amplifier loading by the voice-coil and speaker-cone dynamics*. The electro-mechanical resonances strongly affect the current that must be supplied, in order to maintain a flat (controlled) output voltage over the specified frequency range. For example, the current in the voice-coil reaches a null at time 0.1 seconds, which corresponds to the effective "spring-mass" resonance frequency (60 Hz). The loudspeaker reaches its minimum impedance around 600 Hz, or at 0.6 seconds where the peak load current is observed.

The simulation results also show that the average power (q1/npn/pwr_avg) in the BDP947 BJT exceeds its 5 Watt rating across the entire range, but especially at lower frequencies. The red "hot part monitor", with the junction to ambient thermal resistance set to 10 C/Watt, as given in the datasheet, shows the part temperature rising to over 100 C. These diagnostic indicators make it obvious that we need a bigger transistor!

All of the parameters in blue can be changed by the user and a new simulation run. The updated scope waveform results will show the effect of that change. You can change the electrical resistance and inductance of the voice-coil, as well as the speaker cone mass and linear spring rate that affect the resonance frequency.

* Note: Please refer to this companion example, that shows the input impedance frequency response of the loudspeaker alone:

https://www.systemvision.com/design/loudspeaker-only-frequency-response

About text formats

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